NAMIBIAN MAMMALS

 

Bushveld Elephant-shrew               Elephantulus intufi        

You can keep your Leopards and Hyaenas… A previous trip report author had described this chunky species as “having put the greatest smile on my face” when he saw one at Waterberg, and I can see why! Our encounter was on the road to Waterberg, when a small rat-sized animal dashed across the road. We had great views of it by the side of the road and then chased it around a pile of rotting wood until it went to ground. Essentially an overgrown mouse with a tiny “trunk”.

 

Savanna “Chacma” Baboon            Papio cynocephalus ursinus 

The denizens of rocky places. Our first distant baboons were seen at Daan Viljoen, but we were to regularly encounter feeding parties by the sides of the road in Central Namibia, including on the drive to the airport. The most evocative troupe lived around Erongo Wilderness Lodge, where their roars welcomed the dawn and echoed dramatically around the chambered gorge. The most memorable troupe however were the ones that raided the Waterberg residences in the middle of the afternoon, clanging open bins, checking window catches and generally conducting a methodical and ruthless search of the premises.

 

Vervet Monkey                         Chlorocebus aethiops   

One small party were observed in one of the remotest and driest corners of Mahango Reserve, climbing up an Ebony Tree.

 

Southern Lesser Bushbaby                     Galago moholi  

We hunted high and low for these gorgeous animals at various locations until we finally had success around the residences at Waterberg, where the first flash of the torchlight was rewarded with gleaming orange eyes. Several animals were encountered in the immediate vicinity, springing spectacularly from the light beam as they launched themselves from branch to branch like missiles. Eventually we obtained good looks of what has to be one of cutest little mammals in Africa.

 

Scrub Hare                                          Lepus saxatilis           

Probably the least exotic of our Namibian mammals, looking every bit like hares closer to home. We saw our first one while we were driving blindly around the Halali campground (trying to find our way out!) at night. A more diurnal Scrub Hare lived in the tall grass in front of our hut at n’Kwazi Lodge near Rundu.

 

Ground Squirrel                                   Xerus inauris  

Hard to beat for entertainment value! These sociable mammals are likely to be the first on any Namibian list as they inhabit the grounds of Hosea Kutako International airport. Their habit of standing up on their hind legs with tails aloft as parasols is very reminiscent of Suricates (which alas we did not see on out travels). Having a troupe begging around your car in Etosha for cashew nuts is likely to be a bit of a film burner.

 

Tree Squirrel                  Paraxerus cepapi

A couple of these more “regular” squirrels were seen in the Caprivi, where they tended to be rather timid and quick to dash up a tree for cover, rather than pose for photos like the Ground Squirrels.

 

Springhare                     Pedetes capensis

A fantastic mammal rather like a cross between a hare and a bettong that is likely to make Australians homesick if they glimpse one bounding across the savannah. We saw Springhares on both evenings that we went on night drives at Hobatere, where they showed a distinct preference for open sandy soil. Their huge eyes glowed very brightly in the spotlight beam once they had bounced off to a safe distance.

 

Greater Cane-rat                       Thryonomys swinderianus

It took me a good ten minutes of patient waiting by the tall reeds at the edge of Okavango in front of n’Kwazi Lodge before I was able to glimpse the animals that were noisily thrashing around the sedge. These proved to be mammals that appeared to be the size and shape of small otters, but had strangely rodent like faces. The field guide put me out of my misery – basically the largest rats that I have ever seen!

 

Dassie Rat                       Petromus typicus

Very strange largish “rats” with pointed faces, huge whiskers and bushy tails, which were seen in the heat of the afternoon grazing around the rocks in front of the main veranda of Erongo Wilderness Lodge. Rather cutely often stood up on its hind legs to grab hold of vegetation that was otherwise out of reach.

 

Tree Mouse                     Thallomys paedulcus

Small mammal, big ears, big reflected eyes, up a tree at night – we thought we had nailed our bushbaby in the grounds of Namutoni Restcamp until the use of binoculars revealed that it was too small and had too much of a rodent face. Nonetheless the Tree Mouse is a large attractive mouse and we were pleased to have caught up with it.

 

Bat-eared Fox              Otocyon megalotis

They are certainly ears to be proud of… We had one fairly reasonable, but distant view, of a Bat-eared Fox digging away at something on one of the Hobatere night drives.

 

Black-backed Jackal                 Canis mesomelas

First encountered on our last morning at Hobatere, these purposeful looking carnivores were to become a regular sight around the Etosha waterholes. They seem to mysteriously appear from almost nowhere, trot around the waterhole checking up on what is going on, grab a quick drink and then trot off again. Day or night.

 

Honey Badger        Mellivora capensis

Anita gets all the credit for spotting this one while we were on “Sandgrouse duties” at dusk by the small waterhole adjacent to the grounds of Hobatere Lodge. She spotted a furtive mammal that slunk in for a quick drink just beyond our view. We waited for it to slink off again, and were astonished to see the unmistakable two-tone grey and black of a Honey Badger scuttling back into the bushes. Nice one!

 

Banded Mongoose                    Ictonyx striatus

Namutoni Restcamp was visited by a very approachable foraging party of around 20 of these animals just after breakfast time. They seemed quite oblivious to our interest as they scratched their way across the lawns. Several much smaller groups of Banded Mongoose were also seen around the residences at Waterberg.

 

Slender Mongoose              Galerella sanguinea

There is some debate as to whether we saw this species once, or twice. A yellow mongoose with a dark tip to its tail seen around the Okaukuejo waterhole was assumed to be Yellow Mongoose – until we saw a real one and realised that it does not have a dark tail tip. When a second yellowish mongoose with a dark tail tip was glimpsed dashing down a burrow on the Waterberg entrance road, more careful research revealed that both these animals must have been Slender Mongoose (the Stuarts’ field guide has a misleading photograph of a very dark Slender Mongoose).

 

Yellow Mongoose                    Cynictis penicillata

A very attractive small mongoose (with a white tail tip) that we had excellent close views of from the car on the margins of Etosha Pan (close to the Etosha lookout) as it ran backwards and forwards in search or prey close to the edge of the road.

 

Small-spotted Genet                  Genetta genetta

The most commonly observed species on both Hobatere night drives, with up to five of these attractively spotted cat-like animals on each night. Some of them crept off into the darkness, while others climbed trees and offered superb views from the safety of a high bough.

 

Spotted Hyaena                        Crocuta crocuta

These caused some angst in Etosha when we had failed to connect with any after almost three days in the park. However success came on the second last morning, when a party of three were observed about 50 metres from the side of the main road between Halali and Namutoni, before they loped off into the thornveld. A single animal was also seen having a sleep in a small depression on the Andoni Plain.

 

Brown Hyaena             Hyaena brunnea

The second night drive at Hobatere included an exciting Brown Hyaena chase, after one animal was glimpsed running over a rocky outcrop in the farthest margins of the spotlight. Try as they might, the guides failed to relocate this animal and it is noted as the worst of our sightings, with the shaggy coat and classically hyaena gait the only fixes we had on it.

 

African Wild Cat                      Felis silvestris lybica

Two “tabbies” were seen close to Hobatere Lodge on our first evening there, but none were seen the second night. Although a genuinely wild species, it is difficult to appreciate this when extremely similar animals are seen on a daily basis terrorising birds in my Twickenham garden!

 

Lion                                Panthera leo

It is very hard to adequately express the feeling of seeing Lions for the first time in the wild. A pride of about ten animals were prowling around tourist vehicles at Okondeka waterhole on our first afternoon in Etosha. Should you wind your window up when there is a lion next your car? Unfortunately they were somewhat harassed by some aggressive tourist tanks and strolled of to the edge of the waterhole for a sleep. All the other lions we came across were also essentially fast asleep! Two big males under an acacia bush about 10 kilometres from Halali and another small pride stretched out by Andoni waterhole, causing much restlessness amongst all the other intended waterhole visitors. I can safely report that these are not present in Twickenham!

 

Leopard                          Panthera pardus

On our first evening at Halali it is quite possible that some members of the audience, seated in rows on the natural rocky amphitheatre and utterly absorbed by the elephant soap opera unfolding metres in front of them, may not have noticed a relatively small animal that quietly crept up to the edge of the waterhole and quenched its thirst. However by the time that it had chased a few Double-banded Sandgrouse, prowled around the elephants’ legs, had another drink and then wandered back off into the bush, most people had worked out what it was. 

 

Aardvark                         Orycteropus afer

Well – we didn’t think we had a prayer of seeing this one! Mammal of the trip by a good stretch… These were rated as about 4% chance on the Hobatere night drives, and we had much bantering with the guides about Anita’s desire to see an Aardvark. Thus when “Aardvark” was shouted from the front of the jeep as we returned home on our last evening, I don’t think we could really believe what was happening. Piggy ears, snout, I guess it had to be an Aardvark. It didn’t exactly hurry out of the spotlight either. We are still pinching ourselves…

 

Elephant                         Loxodonta Africana

The elephants were on the march westwards through Etosha during our visit, and we ran into them in the middle of the park. Our first group of 24 at Aus waterhole were absolutely spellbinding. We watched for over an hour as they bathed in the water fountain, accompanied by an almost eerie silence, broken only by a strange quiet rushing noise generated by flapping elephant ears and splashing water. On arrival at Rietfontein waterhole we watched a departing party of 12 animals. Finally a group of around 20 elephants were at Halali waterhole at dusk, and were soon joined by a further 10, leading to a noisy dispute that resulted in some departures and some aggression by a young bull, who stomped around picking fights with some of the newcomers. Elsewhere, the Hobatere camp was visited by an elephant overnight, and there were fresh tracks on the road when we left. Sections of Mahango Game Reserve had been devastated by elephant damage, but we saw no animals during our three visits there.

 

Rock Dassie                    Procavia capensis

A quite comical species that was common almost anywhere with extensive rocky outcrops. Relatively abundant around Erongo Wilderness Lodge, where one of the cliffs in the entrance gorge was literally covered with dozens of animals at first light. “Hyraxes” are also surprisingly agile climbers and were often spotted clambering around in the foliage. Common and approachable on the edge of the Waterberg escarpment, and even recorded in the low hills surrounding Avis Dam.

 

Hartmann’s Mountain Zebra   Equus zebra hartmannae

The chunkier and wilder looking of the two zebra species, and only observed at the main Hobatere waterhole, where a small herd (that included a very young foal) were just leaving as we began our morning watch from the hide. A very wary party of four animals came back in the late morning, extremely sensitive to activities both in and around the hide.

 

Plains Zebra                   Equus burchellii

One of the commonest mammals in Etosha and regularly observed by the side of the road from the moment we entered the park until our departure. Some quite substantial herds were seen, and interestingly the striped markings caused a lot of confusion when animals were seen in the distance – almost every time we had a “what on earth is that?” mammal in the distance, it turned out to be Plains Zebra…

 

Hook-lipped “Black” Rhinocerus   Diceros bicornis

The “Black Rhino” did not prove to be a particularly elusive beast at Etosha because one was at the waterhole in the heat of early afternoon when we first arrived at Okaukuejo. A further five were present there at the evening floodlight show. They are astonishingly large and robust mammals when you see them on their own, but the mother and calf that turned up at the Halali waterhole when the elephants were present relatively appeared to be no bigger than warthogs!

 

Warthog                          Phacochoerus africanus

Speaking of which… A quite improbable looking pig species that was fairly common throughout Namibia, notably being one of the few wild mammals regularly encountered outside of parks and reserves. Single warthogs were often encountered at waterholes, including those at Etosha and Hobatere, but small parties were also often noted scurrying in the bush, including sightings at Erongo and Mahango.

 

Hippopotamus       Hippopotamus amphibious

Undoubtedly one of the most extraordinary mammals on this planet. Although we saw some distant hippos in Mahango Game Reserve, our intimate familiarity with them stemmed from the flotilla of up to 20 animals that parked by the sandbar right in front of Ndhovu Lodge. The inactivity of the hippos by day was quite something, easily passing as exposed river-smoothed rocks that occasionally yawned, snorted or dipped beneath the surface. Late afternoon, however, they all slowly drifted off, bellowing and grunting to one another, and this monstrous serenade continued steadily all night. Things that go “Owwpph” and “Rkaaarggh…splash” in the night… No swimming!

 

Giraffe                         Giraffa camelopardalis

We were kept waiting until Etosha before we encountered our first giraffes, but once they had started appearing there was no stopping them. Common throughout Etosha and always striking to observe, whether galloping on stilts through the bush, hacking apart an acacia, or splaying their legs to drink. Very graceful mammals for their ungainly size. Probably the most memorable moment was the steady line up of giraffes very slowly coming in to drink at the floodlit Okaukuejo waterhole. We also saw giraffes in Mahango Game Reserve.

 

Buffalo                   Syncerus caffer

The last of the alleged “big five” species, although we’d be tempted to draw up our own such list! Mahango Game Reserve has a relatively small population of Buffalo, and we saw them on two of the three outings in the park – firstly at a distance out in the reeds, then the next morning at close range, running from the edge of the road. Fairly impressive mammals, but by no means the most remarkable of the trip.

 

Eland                              Taurotragus oryx

Recording the presence of “wild” game is increasingly difficult in environments where large tracts of land are protected by game fences and where there have been widespread reintroductions. Eland is probably the only species on this list where the animals noted were almost certainly re-introduced. We came across five Elands patrolling the boundary fence of a large game reserve to the south of the Waterberg entrance road. They were very wary and soon galloped into the scrub. Massive antelopes.

 

Kudu                               Tragelaphus strepsiceros

A striking antelope with twisted horns and vertical white striping on the body. This was very much the “default antelope” in most of the regions that we passed through, being sighted almost everywhere in variable numbers. Kudu was also the only antelope species that was encountered several times on the road, outside of parks or game reserves.

 

Bushbuck                        Tragelaphus scriptus

Now notably scarce in Mahango Game Reserve, we were fortunate to see a party of three animals in the late afternoon, quietly foraging on the edge of some dense scrub close to the floodplain. The ram is attractively marked, with a sturdy stance and unusual horizontal white markings on his front and legs, while the female resembles a deer fawn.

 

Roan Antelope       Hippotragus equinus

We saw several single animals and one small party of this impressive antelope species in Mahango Game Reserve, The long sharply curved horns and pied face pattern of this bulky mammal stood out amidst the dry and dusty landscape. The Roan really looks as if it should be standing out on top of an exposed rocky outcrop, roaring to the moon, but most of the ones we saw were just quietly going about their business… We also glimpsed some “dodgy” Roan just north of Windhoek, presumably on the property of a small game farm.

 

Sable Antelope                Hippotragus niger

A smarter, sleeker, slimmer, darker version of the Roan. We encountered only one group of Sable in Mahango Game Reserve, where they proved very wary and kept their distance from our vehicle. A beautiful antelope.

 

Gemsbok                        Oryx gazella

The noble “Oryx” was one of the commonest mammals in the north-western section of our journey, with good numbers manning the Hobatere waterhole for most of the day, and enormous numbers throughout Etosha. An unmistakable species, with a very box-shaped body, bold markings and long straight swept-back horns. Gemsbok males were often noted locking horns in combat. Also present on a significant number of menus in Namibia!

 

Lechwe                           Kobus leche

A fairly plain antelope that was common on the Mahango floodplain, but recorded nowhere else. Probably the most “deer-like” of all the antelopes that we encountered and superficially resembling the next species, which occupied similar habitat.

 

Reedbuck                       Redunca arundinum

Also only recorded at Mahango Game Reserve, and in much smaller numbers than the Lechwe. The ram’s short forward pointing horns were the main identification mark and we initially confused this species with the Lechwe, above.

 

Blue Wildebeest            Connochaetes taurinus

What  could be more quintessentially African than a herd of Wildebeest stomping across a plain? Apart from “dodgy” wildebeest in Daan Viljoen, we only saw this species in Etosha, where it was fairly common, although distinctly patchy in its distribution. The most memorable sighting was in the late afternoon at Andoni waterhole, where a column of Blue Wildebeest approached the waterhole and then halted beneath a thundery sky when they realised a pride of lions were lounging around in the adjacent salt pan.

 

Red Hartebeest             Alcelaphus buselaphus

A stocky and distinctly bovine looking antelope that nobody could ever describe as exactly pretty. Excluding the “dodgy” Daan Viljoen examples, we only actually recorded this species at one Etosha waterhole, Olifantsbad, which was a bit surprising.

 

Tsessebe                         Damaliscus lunatus

Having seen a Red Hartebeest it seems impossible that there could by an uglier member of the antelope family. But there is. Looking more like a pair of bizarre medieval players dressed in a pantomime cow costume, we only saw a handful of single specimens scattered around Mahango Game Reserve. Poor Tsessebe, I wish I could love you more…

 

Impala                   Aepyceros melampus

Perhaps the most classical looking antelope that we came across in Namibia. The smart Black-faced subspecies was fairly common in Etosha and encountered at most waterholes. Impalas were also fairly common in Mahango Game Reserve.

 

Springbok                       Antidorcas marsupialis

Probably the commonest antelope in Etosha, where enormous herds were commonly encountered. Really quite a beautiful little antelope and incredibly agile. We also saw this species in Hobatere and were delighted to see one “pronking” ahead of us on the road – a spectacular jump that is performed on stiff back legs and appears to project the animal into temporary orbit. Deceivingly, I have never seen a South African rugby player even come close to this feat.

 

Damara Dik-dik                      Madoqua kirkii

An absolutely diminutive antelope about the size of a poodle, with two tiny little horns that can’t be useful for too much. We were delighted to catch up with this apparently shy species each time we drove slowly around Etosha’s “Dikdik drive”. However this illusion was shattered at Waterberg, where you could walk right up to them next to the residences.

 

Klipspringer                    Oreotragus oreotragus

I am glad that I paid close attention to the tiny antelope that jumped across my path and leapt onto a rock on my first early morning walk in the gorge at Erongo Wilderness Lodge. It was the first and last one that we saw.

 

Steenbok                        Raphicerus campestris

A neat sandy coloured antelope, resembling a small slim Roe Deer. This was a species of the bush and we picked them up in the late afternoon at Erongo, on one of the night drives at Hobatere, and a few isolated specimens as we drove around scrub areas of Etosha.